![]() ![]() ![]() Partial IgE cross-reactivity between Hel a 3 and the non-specific lipid transfer protein in peanuts (Ara h 9 ), hazelnuts (Cor a 8) and walnuts (Jug r 3) has been demonstrated (10). Hel a 2, a profilin protein originating from sunflower pollen, is thought to mediate this cross-reaction (10).Ĭross-reactivity between sunflower seeds and Brazil nuts, mustard and pistachio, all foods that contain 2S albumin, have been indicated from observations made on a series of case studies (4). Sunflower-sensitized IgE subjects can cross-react with other members of the Asteraceae family including Mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris). (2).Īdditional allergenic proteins have been described: Hel a 1 (34kDa, without a specific protein family described) Hel a 2 (a 14.7kDa Profilin) and Hel a 6 (a 42kDa pectatelyase) (4)).Ĭompared to nuts, sunflower seeds contain a significantly higher concentration of lipid-soluble lipoproteins, possibly including oleosins, which have been associated with severe allergic symptoms (5). Hel a 2S is a 2S albumin, and together with Hel a 3, a non-specific lipid transfer protein, have been identified as allergens. Sunflower seeds are known to contain 11 storage albumins, although only Hel a 2S/SFA-8 has been investigated for allergenic properties to date. The molecular basis of sunflower seed hypersensitivity is yet to be fully described (10). Significant lung function impairment and increased rates of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis was found in workers directly exposed to sunflower vs control in a sunflower processing plant (7).Īnaphylactic reactions were recorded in 3 out of 4 sunflower allergic patients after ingesting sunflower seeds (10).Ī case study involved an anaphylactic reaction in a patient sensitized to a sunflower lipid transfer protein, after eating potato chips cooked in sunflower oil (11). Usually, the most effective management is to remove the patient from the workplace. Smoking and an existing atopy diagnosis increase the risk of OA (6). Clinical symptoms persist at the workplace and resolve after time away from it. Patients typically have no prior history and develop typical clinical signs of coughing, wheezing, conjunctivitis and rhinitis, usually following a lag period of several months in the workplace. The clinical history of occupational sensitization to sunflower seeds, one of 400 high molecular weight allergens encountered in the industrial setting, follows the clinical course described for OA or “Baker’s asthma” (6, 9). Taxonomic tree of Sunflower ( Helianthus annus) (3) Sunflower is now one of the most widely cultivated sources to produce oil as well as being used as a livestock feed due to its high protein content (2). Human consumption of sunflower seeds, used as a source of flour for bread, was first described 3000-5000 years ago by native Americans. Originally from Central America, the sunflower is cultivated worldwide, with China, Russia, the Ukraine, France, the USA and Argentina being the major global producers (1). The sunflower plant, Helianthus annuus, is part of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, which has 23,600 recognized species and also includes the weed mugwort, a major weed allergen in Europe (Ukleja-Sokołowska, Gawrońska-Ukleja et al. ![]()
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